Theme and Variations Form

          Theme and variations is defined by Merriam-Webster as a standard form of musical composition consisting of a simple usually harmonized melody presented first in its original unadorned form then repeated several or many times with varied treatment so based on the theme that at least some semblance of its general melodic or harmonic form is evident. The main theme is first stated. Then it is restated as a variation which has been altered in some way (time signature, rhythm, additional melodic notes, etc.). However, the variation is subtle enough to allow the theme to still be recognizable. Then a second variation is introduced in the same manor, with a different slight change. The composer can introduce as many variations as he/she desires.

          When listening to the musical example discussed in the video, we can hear the basic elements of the theme represented in each variation. When analyzing the musical example we also see how these basic elements are represented. In one slide, I even highlight the main theme pitches that are embedded within the first variation during a side-by-side comparison. This side-by-side analysis will help you to understand the given musical example, and also help you to analyze future theme and variations that you encounter.

This Learning Music With Ray video discusses theme and variations form.  In it, I discuss the meaning and aspects of theme and variations as they relate to musical form.  I then analyze a piece of music that is written in theme and variations form.  In this stage of the lesson I review the components of this type of form, and the ways to identify them in the musical example.